Repairing UTF-8 that had been stored as Latin-1. The correction is mechanical, not a guess: the stored text re-encodes to exactly these bytes. name: "François le Fort" -> "François le Fort"

Repairing character-encoding corruption (mojibake) introduced during data import; the person/ensemble name itself is unchanged. Cause: UTF-8 bytes were decoded as Windows-1252 at import, so each non-ASCII letter became a 2-character sequence. Stored value "François le Fort" is being corrected to "François le Fort". Detected by decoding the stored text back through the offending codec and confirming it yields valid UTF-8. Part of a sweep of all singers, conductors, composers, characters, operas and recordings; 419 fields matched.