Repairing UTF-8 that had been stored as Latin-1. The correction is mechanical, not a guess: the stored text re-encodes to exactly these bytes. name: "L'Archevêque de Reims" -> "L'Archevêque de Reims"

Repairing character-encoding corruption (mojibake) introduced during data import; the person/ensemble name itself is unchanged. Cause: UTF-8 bytes were decoded as Windows-1252 at import, so each non-ASCII letter became a 2-character sequence. Stored value "L'Archevêque de Reims" is being corrected to "L'Archevêque de Reims". Detected by decoding the stored text back through the offending codec and confirming it yields valid UTF-8. Part of a sweep of all singers, conductors, composers, characters, operas and recordings; 419 fields matched.