Repairing UTF-8 that had been stored as Latin-1. The correction is mechanical, not a guess: the stored text re-encodes to exactly these bytes. orchestra: "RAI de Turín" -> "RAI de Turín"; chorus: "RAI de Turín" -> "RAI de Turín"

Repairing character-encoding corruption (mojibake) introduced during data import; the name itself is unchanged. UTF-8 bytes were decoded as Windows-1252 at import. Stored value "RAI de Turín" corrected to "RAI de Turín". Retry of a request that failed with a transient server error.

Repairing character-encoding corruption (mojibake) introduced during data import; the person/ensemble name itself is unchanged. Cause: UTF-8 bytes were decoded as Windows-1252 at import, so each non-ASCII letter became a 2-character sequence. Stored value "RAI de Turín" is being corrected to "RAI de Turín". Detected by decoding the stored text back through the offending codec and confirming it yields valid UTF-8. Part of a sweep of all singers, conductors, composers, characters, operas and recordings; 419 fields matched.